The present invention discloses a health monitoring system and a data collection method of the health monitoring system. The health monitoring system includes an intelligent monitoring system and a micro-monitoring system, wherein the micro-monitoring system is configured to judge whether the intelligent monitoring system is completely started, and if it judges that the intelligent monitoring system is completely started, the micro-monitoring system transmits the human body data information collected by the collection device to the intelligent monitoring system; if it judges that the intelligent monitoring system is not completely started, the micro-monitoring system processes the human body data information collected by the collection device and transmits the processed human body data information to a display terminal. The health monitoring system can effectively solve the problem that the intelligent monitoring system fails to monitor the health indicators of a human body during a start process.