The application relates to cerium oxide-aluminosilicate tube nanocomposites. These nanocomposites can be used, for example, as components in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions. The nanocomposites of cerium oxide and aluminosilicate tubes contain 0.5-30% by weight of cerium oxide. The size of the cerium oxide nanoparticles is 4-15 nm. The cerium oxide-aluminosilicate tube nanocomposites are prepared by a method including the following steps: (i) preparation of an aqueous suspension of aluminosilicate tubes; (ii) deposition of cerium oxide by adding of solutions of cerium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide to stirred aqueous suspension of aluminosilicate tubes; (iii) filtering of formed sediment with subsequent washing of the sediment. The addition of cerium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide solutions is carried out gradually.