A novel soybean variety, designated XB23W14 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XB23W14, cells from soybean variety XB23W14, plants of soybean XB23W14, and plant parts of soybean variety XB23W14. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XB23W14 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XB23W14, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XB23W14, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XB23W14. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XB23W14 are further provided.