Techniques are described for providing a file system interface for use with network-accessible computing resources (e.g., located in a data center). A client computing device of a user may display information regarding at least some such computing resources to the user using a visual representation of a hierarchical file system (e.g., with the computing resources organized hierarchically), and allow standard file system commands to manipulate the computing resources, despite them not actually being part of a file system. Particular combinations of a file system command and a type of computing resource may be mapped to associated operations, which implement actions for computing resources of that type corresponding to functionality of that file system command. In some situations, the computing resources are provided by an online service, such as a configurable network service providing virtual computer networks to clients.