A method for estimating an orientation field of a fingerprint is provided, comprising: obtaining an initial orientation field of a fingerprint, and putting the initial orientation field in a reference coordinate system; obtaining N initial orientation blocks corresponding to the initial orientation field, and obtaining N orientation block sets corresponding to N positions respectively from a fingerprint dictionary; obtaining a similarity between each of the N initial orientation blocks and each orientation block in the N orientation block sets corresponding to the N positions to obtain P similarities, and selecting a preset number of candidate orientation blocks for each position from the orientation block set according to the P similarities; obtaining a compatibility between two candidate orientation blocks corresponding to any two adjacent positions respectively to obtain a plurality of compatibilities; and obtaining a candidate orientation block for each position according to the P similarities and the plurality of compatibilities.