A system for reprogramming a vehicle controller includes: a plurality of controllers equipped in a vehicle; a battery configured to provide operation power to the plurality of controllers; and a charging control device configured to sense a connection with a charger providing charging power from an external power source to the battery, request latest software version information corresponding to each of the plurality of controllers from the charger through power-line communication (PLC) while the charging power is provided from the charger to the battery, confirm the requested latest software version information, receive upgrade data from the charger, and transmit the received upgrade data to the plurality of controllers. The charging control device assigns different communication frequency bands to the plurality of controllers, respectively, for communicating with the plurality of controllers using PLC, and transmits the upgrade data using the respective communication frequency band assigned to the plurality of controllers.