A dismantling system (5) for separating ammunition cartridges (10) comprising a casing (12), a bullet (11) and powder among its components, the system being characterized in that it comprises an extraction head (53) for extracting the bullet (11) from the casing (12), and retaining elements (52) for retaining the casing (12) in an extraction position while extracting the bullet (11). The invention also comprises a disarming system and a method for separating the components of an ammunition cartridge (10).