The present disclosure relates to a component-based task allocation method for an extensible router, comprising: S1: selecting components that needs to be activated from a component library, generating a topology structure of the components, and measuring load of each component; S2: selecting a super master control and a backup super master control from master controls, allocating the components, generating a task allocation table and a task updating message according to dynamic allocation algorithms; and S3: receiving the task updating message from the super master control by the other master controls, and activating the components that need to be activated and registering to a component manager. Thus, the tasks can be allocated uniformly.