The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous phase, at least one mattifying filler and at least one silane corresponding to formula (I) below and/or oligomers thereof: R1Si(OR2)z(R3)x(OH)y(I) in which: •Ri is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C22 hydrocarbon-based chain, which may be substituted with an amine group NH2 or NHR (R=C1-C20 and especially C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C40 cycloalkyl or C6-C30 aromatic); or with a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an aryl group (more particularly benzyl), which is substituted or unsubstituted; Ri possibly being interrupted with a heteroatom (O, S or NH) or a carbonyl group (CO), •R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, •y denotes an integer ranging from 0 to 3, and •z denotes an integer ranging from 0 to 3, and •x denotes an integer ranging from 0 to 2, •with z+x+y=3, The invention also relates to a cosmetic process for making up and/or caring for keratin materials comprising a step of applying a composition according to one of the preceding claims to the said materials.