An apparatus for horizontal directional drilling includes a housing and a sonde transmitter mounted in the housing. The housing includes a main fluid channel to permit a flow of a fluid therethrough. The apparatus further includes a fluid outlet at the front of the housing in communication with the main fluid channel and adapted to emit fluid. from the front of the housing during pilot bore operations. The housing further includes a plurality of fluid ports in fluid communication with the main fluid channel and adapted to emit fluid from the housing during pullback operations. Drill bits, drill bit adapters adapters, swivel connectors, and tow heads adapted to be coupled to the drill bits for direct pullback operations, as well as methods of direct pullback operations during horizontal direction drilling are also provided.