Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture for media monitoring based on predictive signature caching are disclosed. Disclosed example methods include processing historical metering data provided by a meter monitoring media presented at a monitored site to predict media exposure to occur at the monitored site during a future monitoring interval. Disclosed example methods also include obtaining reference signatures representative of reference media predicted to be presented at the monitored site during the future monitoring interval. Disclosed example methods further include providing the reference signatures to the meter prior to the future monitoring interval to cache at the meter to perform media monitoring during the future monitoring interval.