The present invention discloses a method of generating a structured light speckle encoded pattern, comprising: fabricating an initial speckle pattern with evenly distributed speckle particles; screening positions that all speckle particles can be disturbed to in the initial speckle pattern according to a speckle particle isolation principle; performing random disturbance to each speckle particle in the initial speckle pattern according to a generated random array and the screened positions that can be disturbed to; performing window uniqueness analysis to the disturbed speckle encoded pattern to determine whether the disturbed speckle encoded pattern meets requirements of a window uniqueness distribution. The present invention further discloses an apparatus for generating a structured light speckle encoded pattern. The present invention may generate, rapidly and accurately, a speckle encoded pattern that meets requirements of window uniqueness distribution and has good anti-noise and anti-deformation competences; besides, the generated speckle encoded pattern has a high randomness and is not restricted by pattern size.