A system for monitoring a set of components of a device, including: a detecting system including a set of agents for detecting anomalies, with each agent receiving measurements on physical parameters relating to a sub-set of components of a device and delivering an initial distribution of the probability of an anomaly; an acquiring system which receives feedback information and the initial distributions of the probability of an anomaly from the agents; an emerging system which iteratively emerges current distributions of the probability of an anomaly, with the current distributions of the probability of an anomaly converging towards a set of optimum distributions of the probability of an anomaly; and a synthesizing system which synthesizes optimum distributions of the probability of an anomaly relating to at least one sub-set of interest of components of the device in order to extract the risks of an anomaly specific to the sub-set of interest.