A pharmaceutical composition and a method for preventing or treating a cardiovascular disease are provided. The pharmaceutical composition includes a BIO compound ((2′Z,3′E)-6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition can specifically act on different types of cells constituting heart tissues, that is, can induce the growth of cardiomyocytes, and can also inhibit proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and strongly suppress inflammatory mediators in macrophages, thereby significantly recovering the tissues and functions of the heart after the onset of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition can be effectively used to treat various cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction.