Process for simultaneous dehydration and skeletal isomerization of a feedstock that comprises at least one C4 monoalcohol and that contains between 0.5 and 50% water, for the purpose of producing C4 alkenes, with said process operating at a temperature of between 250 and 550° C., under a pressure of between 0.1 and 1 MPa, with an hourly volumetric flow rate of between 0.1 and 10 h−1, characterized in that it uses a catalyst that comprises at least one non-zeolitic aluminosilicate-type solid.