The present invention provides an oxygen-absorbing resin composition having a satisfactory oxygen absorption performance and suppressing the occurrence of odor after oxygen absorption, even in an aspect substantially containing no photoinitiator, and an oxygen-absorbing multilayer body using the oxygen-absorbing resin composition. An oxygen-absorbing resin composition initiating oxygen absorption by irradiation with an energy ray, the composition including an easily oxidizable thermoplastic resin and a transition metal catalyst, and wherein the easily oxidizable thermoplastic resin includes a polybutadiene (X) and a resin (Y) having carbon-carbon double bonds and the constitutional unit of the following general formula (1): (wherein R1 to R7 each represent —H, —CH3, —CH2R, —CHR2, —CR3, —OR, —COOR, —SiR3, —O—SiR3, —COCl or a halogen atom, and may be the same as each other or different from each other, and R represents a linear or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated alkenyl or aryl group.)