In a TDM- and WDM-based FBG sensor array system, a source emits a light covering a selected wavelength range. The light is amplified and then used to generate a series of pulses that are fed into an array of sensor gratings. The propagation of a pulse through the sensor array results in a time-domain-multiplexed output, comprising a series of output pulses in which each output pulse comprises a reflection of the input pulse at a respective grating in the sensor array. Raman amplification is used to amplify both the pulse input into and the time-domain multiplexed output from the sensor array, which is then coupled into an output processing stage for receiving the sensor output and for reconstructing the wavelength output of each grating in the sensor array. The wavelength change for each grating is then used to calculate a physical parameter(s) to be measured, such as temperature and/or strain.