A novel soybean variety, designated XBP48012 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XBP48012, cells from soybean variety XBP48012, plants of soybean XBP48012, and plant parts of soybean variety XBP48012. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XBP48012 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XBP48012, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XBP48012, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XBP48012. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XBP48012 are further provided.