In an embodiment, a permanent magnet includes a composition represented by a composition formula: R(FepMqCur(Co1-sAs)1-p-q-r)z, where, R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, and Hf, A is at least one element selected from Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta, and W, 0.05≦p≦0.6, 0.005≦q≦0.1, 0.01≦r≦0.15, 0≦s≦0.2, and 4≦z≦9, and a two-phase structure of a Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a copper-rich phase. In a cross-section of the permanent magnet containing a crystal c axis of the Th2Zn17 crystal phase, an average distance between the copper-rich phases is 120 nm or less.