The invention discloses a unidirectional spray type fire extinguishing bomb without high explosive fragmentation, includes a housing, a fuse, an igniter, an fire extinguishing agent and a main charge, and further includes a tail braking device, combustor, a plate closure, a piston and a diffuser. The housing, the tail braking device and the piston are made of light metal materials; the housing is cylindrical; the tail braking device is arranged at the bottom of the housing and is fixed with the housing through a screw nail; and the fuse is arranged on the diffuser and is fixed through a screw nail. During working process, when the fuse detects the fire extinguishing bomb to be 5-10 meters far away from a combustion source, the igniter ignites the main charge, the piston is pushed under high pressure to move in the housing, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out from spraying holes to the combustion source for fire extinguishing. The present invention has simple structure, and has no lethality when the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed.