A rowing simulation trainer includes a base frame, a pulling unit, an inertia wheel unit and a guiding unit. The pulling unit includes a shaft, a first belt wheel, two cord wheels, two pulling cords, two handgrips and two elastic coiled plates. The guiding unit includes two mounting tubes. Each of the two pulling cords extends through one of the two mounting tubes. Thus, the two cord wheels and the two pulling cords cooperate to drive the inertia wheel unit and are respectively operated independently without interfering with each other. In addition, the two pulling cords are limited by the two mounting tubes so that the two pulling cords are kept in line with and will not be deflected from the two cord wheels.