Provided is a structure forming apparatus, including: a roller provided to be rotatable, having a length in an axial direction of the rotation, and capable of transmitting an energy beam; a retaining member arranged to face the roller such that a slit region having a length in the axial direction is formed between the retaining member and the roller, and capable of retaining a material to be cured by energy of the energy beam at least in the slit region; an irradiation unit configured to selectively radiate the energy beam to the slit region through the roller to cure the material so that a sheet-like structure is formed; and a take-up reel configured to take up the sheet-like structure thus formed.