An optical switch comprises a first stage comprising N optical inputs, wherein N is an integer power of 2 and is 16 or greater, and N first sub-switches, wherein each first sub-switch comprises 1 of the optical inputs and 4 first outputs, and a second stage coupled to the first stage and comprising 16 second sub-switches, wherein each second sub-switch comprises M second inputs and M second outputs, and wherein M is equal to N/4.