A computer implemented method for generating a receipt. The method includes, accessing a universal digital fingerprint associated with an item of content, wherein the fingerprint is invariant across one or more formats of the item of content. The method includes accessing an identification value by the processor. The method includes generating a digital token by cryptographically binding the digital fingerprint and the identification value, wherein the digital token is invariant across the one or more formats of the item of content. The method further includes associating the digital token with at least one right to the item of content.