Various aspects of a system and method for smoke detection during an anatomical surgery are disclosed herein. In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, the method is implementable in a surgical scene analysis engine, which is communicatively coupled to an image-capturing device that captures one or more video frames. The method includes the estimation of a partially visible region in a current video frame, based on a temporal difference between the current video frame and a previous video frame from the one or more video frames. Thereafter, one or more candidate pixels are detected in the estimated partially visible region in the current video frame. Further, a smoke region is determined in the partially visible region, based on pruning of one or more candidate pixels.