The present invention relates to a method of producing bio-based homoserine lactone and bio-based organic acid through hydrolysis of O-acyl homoserine produced by a microorganism in the presence of an acid catalyst. According to the present invention, O-acyl homoserine produced by a microorganism is used as a raw material for producing 1,4-butanediol, gamma-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran and the like, which are industrially highly useful. The O-acyl homoserine produced by a microorganism can substitute conventional petrochemical products, can solve environmental concerns, including the emission of pollutants and the exhaustion of natural resources, and can be continuously renewable so as not to exhaust natural resources.