An image identification system for conducting image identification of a valuable file in an automatic teller machine and a corresponding image storage control method are provided. The system comprises: an image sensor; an image memory; an image identification module; an image storage area controller; and a main control unit, wherein the image storage area controller comprises a storage area index link table which is divided into N nodes, N being a natural number greater than 1, each node corresponding to each of the image storage areas divided by the image storage area controller in a one to one relationship, and each node storing the storage locations of a previous image and a next image which are linked with the node, and being provided with an acquired image write pointer, an identified image read pointer, an unidentifiable image head pointer, and an unidentifiable image tail pointer.