A vehicle seat lifter device includes: a pinion gear which meshes with an input gear of a link mechanism which causes a seat to undergo lifting and lowering operations; and a rotational control device which controls rotation of the pinion gear. The rotational control device includes a rotating shaft which rotates in synchronization with the pinion gear, a rotation restriction mechanism including a first meshing member which rotates with the rotating shaft and a second meshing member which restricts rotation of the rotating shaft by meshing with the first meshing member, an input member which is linked to an operation handle to rotate around the rotating shaft, a release mechanism which releases the meshing of the first and second meshing members through rotation of the input member from a neutral position, and a braking mechanism which applies a braking force to the rotating shaft.