The present disclosure includes bonded wafer structures and methods of forming bonded wafer structures. One example of a forming a bonded wafer structure includes providing a first wafer (202, 302) and a second wafer (204, 304) to be bonded together via a bonding process that has a predetermined wafer gap (216, 316) associated therewith, and forming a mesa (215, 315, 415) on the first wafer (202, 302) prior to bonding the first wafer (202, 302) and the second wafer (204, 304) together, wherein a height (220, 320, 420) of the mesa (215, 315, 415) is determined based on a target element gap (217, 317) associated with the bonded wafer structure.