A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving mobile data based on an ASR is provided. The mobile data transmission method of a first mobile terminal including transmitting a dRTS frame and creating an ASR list; performing channel access to a certain channel based on an ASR back-off process; transmitting an srDATA frame from the certain channel to a second mobile terminal based on the ASR list; and receiving an srACK frame from the second mobile terminal in response to the srDATA frame, wherein the certain channel is a channel to/from which a third mobile terminal transmits and receives a data frame, the srDATA frame and data frame are transmitted from the certain channel at a certain point, and the ASR list is information on a mobile terminal that does not collide with the data frame when the first mobile terminal transmits the srDATA frame and receives the srACK frame.