A structure for opening and closing a fuel door may include the main body e rotatably coupled to the vehicle body, and having a binding portion formed on a surface of the main body, a housing formed in a pipe shape and mounted on the vehicle body, and having a plurality of openings at a side of the housing, a pop-up rod having a fastening portion formed at an upper end of the pop-up rod and engaged with the binding portion, a first spring mounted to allow the pop-up rod to move upward toward the main body, and a locking rod which has a first end inserted into a fixing groove formed at a side of the pop-up rod when the locking rod moves forward, to restrict a sliding movement of the pop-up rod, in which the locking rod may be formed in a dual fork shape.