The present invention relates to a method for producing nanofibers storing and transferring nitric oxide, and nanofibers produced thereby. The present invention may include: a filling step for filling a first material with nitric oxide; a synthesis step for synthesizing a second material having a functional group capable of covalently bonding to the first material; a sol-gel reaction step for carrying out a sol-gel reaction of the first material filled with nitric oxide with the second material to produce a gel; and an electrospinning step for electrospinning the gel to produce a nanofiber.