A method for treating sulfur-containing exhaust gases is provided, comprising the following steps: step i): mixing the sulfur-containing exhaust gases, air, and a hydrocarbon fuel, and controlling a reaction between the air and the hydrocarbon fuel therein, to obtain a procedure gas stream comprising the sulfur-containing exhaust gases, hydrogen, and carbon oxides; step ii): controlling a hydrogenation reaction between the hydrogen contained in the procedure gas stream and a sulfur-containing substance in the sulfur-containing exhaust gases, to obtain hydrogenated tail gases containing hydrogen sulfide; and step iii): absorbing the hydrogen sulfide contained in the hydrogenated tail gases with an absorbing agent to obtain purified tail gases.