A polymeric compound including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below and a polycyclic group-containing structural unit (a2m) other than the structural unit (a0), the structural unit (a2m) containing a lactone-containing polycyclic group, a —SO2-containing polycyclic group or a carbonate-containing polycyclic group, and a resist composition including the same: wherein R0 represents a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a hydrogen atom; Ya0 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; L represents an ester bond; and Ra0 represents a polycyclic group having a bridged ring polycyclic skeleton or a condensed ring polycyclic skeleton, which has in its skeleton —C(═O)O— or —SO2—, and at least one of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom and a halogenated alkyl group.