Alighting system may include: at least one controller which may be configured to: obtain lighting logging data including feature information related to features of the lighting system and obtained from a plurality of feature spaces; determine lighting prediction data which predicts at least one component failure in the lighting system at a future time in accordance with the lighting logging data and include at least one complex feature; model predicted component failures which are predicted to occur at a future time in accordance with the lighting prediction data and maintenance cost; and/or store the predicted component failures model in a memory.