Systems and methods for generating and using probabilistic filters are provided. One example method includes obtaining a plurality of beacon identifiers respectively associated with a plurality of beacon devices. The operations include determining a plurality of filter shards for each beacon identifier by applying a plurality of hash functions to each beacon identifier. The operations include providing the plurality of filter shards for each beacon identifier for local storage in a probabilistic filter at an observing entity, such that the observing entity can query the probabilistic filter to receive an indication of whether a received identifier is a member of a set that includes the plurality of beacon identifiers. One example system includes a plurality of beacon devices, at least one observing entity, and at least one verifying entity.