An image pickup device (10) includes: an image pickup section (11) that captures an image of an object (16); an illumination section (12) that irradiates the object (16) with light to cast a shadow over the object (16); and a calculator that calculates an illumination optical path (25) extending from a virtual illumination (20). Furthermore, the image pickup device (10) includes: a first conveyer (14) that moves the image pickup section (11) and the illumination section (12) in a first direction when the image pickup section (11) scans the object (16) to capture the image of the object (16); and a second conveyer (15) that moves the light from the illumination section (12) into a plane containing the illumination optical path (25), in accordance with the movement of the image pickup section (11) and the illumination section (12) in the first direction.