The present invention discloses a petroleum instrument hoisting system and a hoisting head, which is used for hoisting a petroleum instrument. The hoisting head includes: a lifting part, for connecting a lifting rope; an insertion rod, which is located under the lifting part and used for protruding into a stair-shaped hoisting hole, and is set with a notch on both sides thereof; a insertion head, which is connected with the insertion rod via a connecting rod, wherein the insertion rod is set with a slide opening that is in sliding fit with the connecting rod, and the lateral surface of one end of the insertion rod that is adjacent to the connecting rod is a conical surface; a coniform extension spring, which is sleeved on the insertion rod and the connecting rod, wherein one end thereof with a large cross-sectional area is sleeved on the insertion rod, and the other end thereof with a small cross-sectional area is sleeved on the connecting rod and is fixed relative to the connecting rod; two clamping pieces, which are respectively hinged in two notches, and the clamping face thereof can be in hooking fit with a hooking face in the horizontal plane; two pulling ropes, which are respectively connected with the other end of the corresponding clamping piece, and the orientations of the other ends, which are connected with the pulling ropes, of the two clamping pieces are opposite to each other. By the above solution, the hoisting of a petroleum instrument can be solved.