The present disclosure describes a fastening system for an agricultural system. The fastening system includes a first mounting plate coupled to a first component of the agricultural system and a second mounting plate coupled to a second component of the agricultural system, in which the second mounting plate is configured to be aligned with the first mounting plate. The fastening system also includes a coupling assembly coupled to the first mounting plate by at least one retaining fastener, in which the coupling assembly comprises two clamping plates configured to move from a first position that facilitates alignment of the first and second mounting plates to a second position that at least partially sandwiches the first and second mounting plates between the two clamping plates of the coupling assembly. The at least one retaining fastener extends through the two clamping plates of the coupling assembly. At least one alignment fastener also extends through the two clamping plates and is configured to be selectively tightened while the coupling assembly is in the second position to establish a compressive force that drives the two clamping plates to couple the aligned first and second mounting plates to one another.