An embodiment of a risk-management method includes determining a risk that a subject treated for a condition will be retreated within a time period, and calculating, in response to a determined risk, a fee for taking an action if the subject is retreated within the time period. For example, such an embodiment may aid in managing a risk of a liability that may be incurred if a subject treated for a condition is retreated for the condition, for a complication arising from the condition or from the treatment of the condition, or for another reason, within a specified retreatment time period.