The present application discloses a data processing method and apparatus. The technical solutions of the present application include: coding received data; distributing the coded data to multiple PCS lanes; and performing self-synchronizing scramble separately for multiple data streams distributed to the multiple PCS lanes, where the multiple data streams are in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple PCS lanes. The technical solutions provided by the present application may be used to reduce occupied logical resources during a data processing process at a physical layer.