Provided is a vibration control device mounted on a structure body of a target where vibration should be damped, including: a vibration detection unit that detects vibration of a portion of the target; a vibration generation unit that generates strain in a portion of the target; and a control unit that generates a control signal to determine drive force of the vibration generation unit based on a signal from the vibration detection unit. In the vibration control device, strain energy distribution of the target is measured or calculated, and setting positions of the vibration detection unit and the vibration generation unit are determined based on an optimization method within a range in which strain energy changes rapidly.