The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for magnetic nanoparticle temperature imaging. Particularly, the present methods involve applying different combinations of magnetic fields to magnetic nanoparticles placed in a one-dimensional space, collecting AC magnetization signals of the magnetic nanoparticles, and analyzing the collected signals to obtain in vivo temperature information of the one-dimensional space. Different exciting magnetic fields are applied to the magnetic nanoparticles, so that one-dimensional temperature imaging is transformed into single-point temperature measurement of each minizone, and one-dimensional temperature imaging can be precisely and quickly achieved without knowing the concentration distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles.