The present invention discloses a three-dimensional depth perception method and apparatus with an adjustable working range. The method comprises: setting a working range mode from the external or by an adaptive adjustment, projecting encoded patterns into a corresponding working range by adjusting a driving current of a laser pattern projector driving circuit, adjusting a receiving camera focal length and a baseline distance, collecting a sequence of projected encoded images and feeding them into a depth perception module that adjusts control parameters for image preprocessing based on the working range mode, selecting, from a group of reference encoded images in coincidence with the working range mode to perform block-matching-based disparity computation and depth computation to the inputted encoded image sequence, and outputting a depth image sequence. A three-dimensional depth perception apparatus with an adjustable working range is implemented based on the method. The apparatus facilitates optimization and real-time implementation of the depth perception computation method and makes it adapted to different working ranges, thereby breaking through application limits of the existing three-dimensional depth perception apparatuses.