Cracking in a thermoelectric element made of a filled-skutterudite-type alloy is suppressed. A p-type thermoelectric element includes: a p-type thermoelectric conversion layer made of an alloy having a filled-skutterudite structure containing antimony; a p-side first metal layer that contains titanium simple substances and iron simple substances, and is laminated on the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer; and a p-side second metal layer that contains titanium simple substances, and is laminated on the p-side first metal layer.