The present invention provides an earphone recognition method and an earphone recognition apparatus. The earphone recognition method includes: an acquisition step: when a user wears the earphone, acquiring left and/or right ear structure information, collected by the earphone, of the user; and a sending step: sending the left and/or right ear structure information to a terminal, so that the terminal determines whether the user correctly wears the earphone according to whether the left and/or right ear structure information matches left and/or right ear structure information acquired when the user correctly wears the earphone for the first time. By means of the solutions of the present invention, even though the user wears the earphone conversely, the user can still hear proper high-quality sound, and further, the listening experience of the user is improved.