A monitoring apparatus, a wireless communication system, a failure-cause distinguishing method, and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program that enable a user to appropriately cope with fading are provided. A monitoring apparatus (1) includes an acquisition unit (12) and a distinguishing unit (14). The acquisition unit (12) acquires history data which is generated in one or more wireless communication apparatuses and which indicates at least information related to the time at which failures have occurred in each predetermined time period and related to a received signal level therein. The distinguishing unit (14) distinguishes the type of fading that has occurred in the wireless lines related to the wireless communication apparatuses based on the history data.