A copolymer, a method for producing the copolymer, a porous structure formed by the copolymer, a method for producing the porous structure, and a porous carbon sphere formed by carbonizing the porous structure are shown. The copolymer has a chemical structure of formula (1) or (2): wherein the molecular weight of the copolymer structure is 120,000 or less g/mole, m and t are both greater than 0, 8%≤p≤80%, y≥0, z≥0, and X is selected from —Cl, —Br and —I.