A metal-resin composite structure (106) is obtained by bonding a metal member (103) and a resin member (105) formed of a thermoplastic resin composition (P) to each other. Regarding six linear portions in total on a surface (110) of the metal member (103) including three arbitrary linear portions which are parallel to each other and another three arbitrary linear portions which are perpendicular to the former three linear portions, a surface roughness measured according to JIS B0601 (corresponding international standard: ISO4287) satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2) at the same time: (1) material ratio of the roughness profile (Rmr) of one or more linear portions at a cutting level of 20% and an evaluation length of 4 mm are lower than or equal to 30%; and (2) ten point average roughnesses (Rz) of all the linear portions at an evaluation length of 4 mm are greater than 2 μm.