Multi-chamber furnace for vacuum carburizing and quenching of gears, shafts, rings and similar components has at least two process chambers connected in parallel, with a continuous feeding mechanism for individual workpieces. Those chambers—the first one being a heating chamber, the second being a carburizing chamber and the third one diffusion chamber—are configured in a vertical arrangement, placed in a shared vacuum space with gas-tight division, whereas at the ends of each chamber there are incorporated heating chambers with thermal insulation, with a graphite heating system and stepping feeding mechanism incorporated in the core for the purpose of continuous feeding of individual workpieces. At the ends of those chambers the construction incorporates transport chambers featuring loading and unloading systems X-Y enabling cooperation with individual process chambers through thermal and gas-tight doors installed in chamber ends, while external access to the transport chambers is ensured through loading and unloading locks.